Probiotics Affect Health In Many Different Ways, But They

Probiotics affect health in many different ways, but they mostly have positive effects. People that are healthy have very little side effects or none at all.1 Researchers that have studied probiotic supplements found that they may help prevent many health problems, such as digestive disorders, liver disease, the common cold, tooth decay and more1 Some of the digestive disorders probiotics may help are diarrhea caused by infection and irritable bowel syndrome.2,3 Reachers still have not found what kind of probiotics will best help prevent diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). To make it most effective, researchers state that amount of probiotics that is consumed is important because it if not effective if one takes too much or too†¦show more content†¦Bacterias are essential for the body and are naturally found throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GI) that aid digestion by helping digest food, produce vitamins, and destroy disease causing microorganisms.1 Probiotics are not all alike; there are different kinds for different reasons. â€Å"If a specific kind of Lactobacillus helps prevent an illness, that doesn’t necessarily mean that another kind of Lactobacillus would have the same effect or that any of the Bifidobacterium probiotics would do the same thing†.1 Probiotics can also be found in many foods that we eat which is mainly found in foods that are fermented which are mainly found in dairy such as cheese, yougart and Kefir . Yogurt is one of the best sources of probiotics because studies have shown that it helps bone health and is beneficial for those who have high blood pressure.2 Also, Greek yogurt is the best kind of yogurt that one can consume because it contains more live and active cultures. For children, yogurt tends to help reduce diarrhea and may show improvement for those who have IBS.3 Another food that have essential probiotics in it is Kefir which is fermented milk that contains lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Kefir has shown to protect against infection as will as help digestive infections.3 Some other foods that contain probiotics are sauerkraut (shredded cabbage that is fermented by lactic acid and acid bacteria), tempeh(fermented soybeans), Kimchi (fermented Korean side dish),Show MoreRelatedThe Disagreements Over the Health Effects of Probiotics Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthe year 1965, the term probiotics has been used. Lilly and Stillwell were the first to describe probiotics as substances secreted by one organism, which stimulated growth of other organisms (Gupta, 2009). It was however, Elie Metchnikoff in the 1900s who first suggested that there were health properties in lactic acid bacteria from fermented food products (Anukam, 2007). Since then, the meaning has undergone some changes, one of the most recent definitions is that probiotics are beneficial live microorganismsRead MoreThe And Probiotics Are Functional Foods That Can Have A Positive Impact On Human Health Essay1 605 Words   |  7 PagesPrebiotics and probiotics are functional foods that can have a positive impact on human health As advances in microbiology, and food sciences generally, continue to expand rapidly, prebiotics, probiotics, their characteristics and health benefits become a more and more interesting field for scientific research. Their primary features and their impact on human health will be discussed in this essay. Prebiotics-definition and sources According to Gibson and Roberfroid (1995) prebiotics are â€Å"nondigestibleRead MoreThe Building Blocks Of Any Weight Loss Supplement Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesThey want to know which ingredients it has and how they fulfill the work that this probiotic was designed for. As aforementioned, this magical product has four nutrients that make it work the way it does. These are explained as shown below. †¢ Caralluma Fibmbriata – According to various studies, Caralluma Fimbriata is a very safe extract to take. It is very potent as well, and the main work it does in this probiotic is to suppress your appetite. Furthermore, research has found that caralluma fimbriataRead MoreA Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial Essay2330 Words   |  10 PagesARTICLE 1 The first article that was examined was â€Å"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: The Efficacy of Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowl Syndome Associated with Constipation†. This article was written concerning a study that was done to examine the effectiveness of using probiotics to alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The main symptom that was being examined was constipation but bloating, abdominal pain, abdominalRead MoreDigestive Diseases And The Digestive Tract903 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as acid reflux. Almost everyone has experienced this at one time or another- the painful, burning sensation in your chest that can keep you up at night. Some experience mild symptoms only happening occasionally after eating a certain food but many struggle with severe symptoms on a daily basis, leading them to consume large amounts of antacids to try and get relief. Acid reflux is very common. â€Å"The American College of Gastroenterology says that over 60 million Americans experience heartburnRead MoreChemical Effects On Humans And Society1017 Words   |  5 PagesMany hormonal chemicals alter or block other organism’s hormones, and one of these hormonal chemicals is Endocrine disrupting chemicals known as EDCs. (Trachsel, 2008) thus, these chemicals are often known to be agents that are foreign to an organism system, a xenobiotic. (Trachsel, 2008) mainly found in aquatic environments, EDCs have a handful of harm effects on animals, humans and the ecosystem in general, which differs in the way they are regulated (homeostasis) due to the natural occurring hormonesRead MoreAmul Ice-Cream: Sales and Promotional Strategy7365 Words   |  30 Pagesto other competitive brands. âž ¢ To know the factors which affects consumer’s buying behavior to purchase prolife sugar free ice cream. âž ¢ Create awareness about the Probity ice cream âž ¢ To collect the detailed data by filling up the questionnaire from the APO’S/A class outlets or parlors âž ¢ To collect the detailed data with respect to AMUL Outlets. âž ¢ To collect information about the AMUL Prolife ice cream by different APO’S A class outlets âž ¢ To collect detailed informationRead MoreThe Effect Of High Temperatures On Broiler Production1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdetrimental effects when the temperature fluctuates which leads to heat stress, which then negatively affects the productivity of broiler production (Lara, Rostagno, 2013). An increased environmental temperature causes hypothermia (Ahmad, Sarwar, 2006). High temperatures can lead to health issues such as, dehydration, mortality and ultimately affecting growth rate and weight gain which can affect the immune system. Controlling the shed environment can help control temperature fluctuations and keepRead MoreGeneral Mills and Yoplait Analysis3473 Words   |  14 Pagespopularity of these products enticed General Mills to create memorable characters such as Betty Crocker and the Pillsbury Doughboy, which have become icons in American history. Throughout the years, General Mills has enacted many different characters and they have become a staple for many o f their brands. â€Å"As of date, General Mills is the six-largest food company. They market in more than 100 countries, and hold the No. 1 or No. 2 position in virtually every category they compete (General Mills,Read MoreYakult Hong Kong5614 Words   |  23 PagesConclusion 37 Reference 38 Introduction People nowadays become more health conscious and eager for a better standard of living, Hong Kong Nutrition Association stated that ‘the community has been overwhelmed by tones of nutrition related advertisement, involving â€Å"dietitians† and other medical professionals for endorsement or recommendations’. It is the fact that people generally concern about their health condition and lifestyles. As early as 20th century, in other countries, like Japan

Essay on Child Labor in Venezuela - 1008 Words

Bolivian Republic of Venezuela is a country in South America. It was one of the countries that emerged from collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (Source B). Hugo Chavez is the president since 1999. He was democratically elected president in 1998, after the approval of the new constitution in 1999, which is the highest law of the land. Venezuela is subdivided into 23 states, a Capital District correspondent in the city of Caracas, and the Federal Dependencies. The country is also divided into ten administrative regions, which were established by presidential decrees. Children can be found working in agriculture, small to medium size businesses, scavenging in garbage dumps and gold mining. Child Labor started in Venezuela because the government†¦show more content†¦Another issue the government has failed to solve is the working conditions in Venezuela. They have not passed laws that will help protect the children at the places that they are working at. Most of the children in Ven ezuela can be found working in agriculture, small to medium sized businesses, scavenging in the garbage dumps or participating in gold mining. Children younger than five are working in these places. Twenty eight point three percent of the child labor worse is working in agriculture. Most of the children working on the farms have been exposed to chemicals that are dangerous to their health for a long period of time while working on the fields. They are dying younger due to the exposure to the deadly chemicals. Eight percent of the child labor force work in the mines. The children working in the mines are getting back problems because they have to go in narrow caves to mine. Sixty one percent of the children are working in factories. Children working in the factories have had their hands and haircut off. The government has not done anything to make the situation in the working places better. They have not passed a single law into action. This issue has not been part of any government debates or on the president’s agenda. Due to corruption in the government, there has been an increase in poverty, which has lead to anShow MoreRelatedEssay on Child Labor in Venezuela1505 Words   |  7 PagesBolivian Republic of Venezuela is a county in South America. It was one of the countries that emerged from collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (Baguley and Winter 15). Hugo Chavez is the president since 1999. He was democratically elected president in 1998, after the approval of the new constitution in 1999, which is the highest law of the land (Baguley and Winter 12). Venezuela is subdivided into 23 states, a Capital District correspondent in the city of Caracas, and the Federal Dependencies (BaguleyRead More1. Who are the country’s main competitors and how is it positioned relative to these main1100 Words   |  5 Pages323.047 4. Colombia 15 822.93615 5. Argentina 12 551.11934 6. Peru 12 239.67185 7. Cayman Islands 4234.45103 8. Dominican Republic 3609.6 9. Venezuela 3216 Dominican Republic holds the 8th position in FDI inflows in the Latin America Caribbean sector, just above Venezuela, according to 2012 data provided by The World Bank . Due to the lack of qualified labor force, high level of debts (including government debts), and the negative perception of the government due to corruption, Dominican Republic’sRead MoreEducation is key to knowledge that strengthens the perspectives, skills, and abilities of learners1500 Words   |  6 PagesHealth problems also affect children’s abilities to take opportunity of primary education (Frankema 2008). Cultural and economic expectations also negatively affect many kids, as girls may be expected to do domestic work and boys to do outside labor; child labor take educational opportunities away (Torche 2010; Frankema 2008). Also, many governments in Latin America have neoliberal policies that favor economic development have cut social and education spending, negatively affecting the educational opportunitiesRead MoreTheodore Teddy Roosevelt And The President Of The United States955 Words   |  4 PagesRoosevelt was the 26th president of the United States. He was born in New York City on October 27, 1858. His parents, Theodore and Martha Bulloch Roosevelt, had 4 children. Teddy’s brother’s name was Elliot, and his sisters were Anna and Corinne. As a child, Teddy was active and curious. He had asthma, though, and was also nearsighted. He traveled a lot with his family. He went to Europe and the Middle East when he was 10 and 14. When he was 12, his father built a gymnasium for exercise on. He used itRead MoreDoing Business in Another Country2418 Words   |  10 Pagesbusiness in. In order to introduce mobile handsets into a market like Venezuela, the supplier must be well acclimated with the purchasing habits, tastes, and willingness to purchase the product that is being sold. Understanding these things starts with building a knowledge base about the majo r aspects of the culture and your target consumer. With this being said I am providing a brief overview of the country of Venezuela. Venezuela boasts a population of well over 27 million, and represents a largeRead MoreCompetive Market1518 Words   |  7 Pagestheir products on Amazon. They advertise on several search engines such as Google and Bing. Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium There are several factors affecting the supply, demand, and equilibrium of the market for JMC. As a manufacturing company, labor is very cheap in China. This gives a competitive edge over an American company. However, the average income of a Chinese individual is $7,000 per year. The population of China is 1.3 billion. This provides a large market for sales but a very poorRead MoreSlavery During The Arab Slave Trade1586 Words   |  7 PagesConfederation which lead to the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution leads to multiple disagreements, which was the cause of the civil war. The North and the South split and war began. During the civil war, the south’s slaves continued labor work. According to Spartacus Educational, an average slave works eighteen hours a day. There is no exception to that except for pregnant women. They still had to work eighteen hours a day but got a break when their babies were born. In their eighteenRead MoreRacism In Latin America Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesLatin American countries and governments could come to think a certain way about race. In colonial Spanish and Portuguese colonial America, population lists were made in an effort to enforce and administer systems of coerced labor. 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Description of the Outbreak Although the multistate outbreak that occurred in the US was at a sporting event in Pennsylvania in 2007, the transmission of the virus started with a child from Japan. The twelve-year-old young man was in contact with 1, 250 people of the 265, 000 people that attended the event over ten days. Of those people, there were seven people epidemiologically linked to this young boy. Approximately two and one

Jean Baptiste Lamarck Essay Example For Students

Jean Baptiste Lamarck Essay Anthropology Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Over the years, philosophers, scientists and religious scholars have tried to explain the history of life on Earth. Throughout the years there have been many theories on where man came from and how they developed. There are many people that believe that God created everything. As the scientific studies advanced throughout the ages many theorists developed the idea of evolution. Evolutionists argued that all life on earth gradually evolved over time from single organisms. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was a legendary French Biologist who studied the theory of evolution. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck created his own theory of evolution known as Lamarckism. Lamarckism defined evolution as taking place by inheritance of acquired characteristics. The Lamarckian Theory argued that during a persons life, people acquired new abilities, and then transmitted these skills on to their children. Jean-Baptiste Lamarcks theories may have later come under attack when Darwinism appeared but his contributions proved an important stepping stone for the study of evolution. Jean- Baptiste Lamarck was born Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck on August 1, 1744. He was born in Bazentin, Picardy, France to a poor aristocratic family and he was the youngest of eleven children. His family had strong allegiance to the military and in 1761 he Joined the French Army in Germany during the Seven Years War. In his first battle he was awarded a medal for bravery and he was promoted to officer. After his military career came to an end he developed an interest in natural history and decided to study medicine. He was immensely interested in botany and even published a three volume work on the subject. When he Mus? ©um National dHistoire Naturelle was founded in 1793, Lamarck was appointed as a professor of natural history of insects of worms. It was during this time Lamarck coined the term invertebrate as a scientific term that is still used in teaching today. He also divided was the first to separate arachnids for insects placing them in separate classifications. Finally in 1809 after publishing several other books he developed his theory of evolution. Mus? ©e National dHistoire Naturelle) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck introduced Lamarckism in 1809 when he published is theory in Philosophique Zoologigue. Lamarckism was basically a theory divided into four parts. The first part of the theory was the internal urges of organisms. The internal urges of organisms claimed that simple living organisms were succeeded by more complex organisms. He believed the environment an organism lived in controll ed the response the organism had. This portion of the theory argued that the size of a particular organ used was directly in correlation to the amount of use it got. He claimed that organisms grew in size because of an internal urge in response the nvironment and based on the amount of usage they receive. The second portion of the theory claimed that the environment was always in a constant state of change. This ever-changing environment created an altered living space for living things behaviorally and physically noticeable in the organism. Organisms adapted in order to meet the needs of the new habitat they were currently living in. The third piece of Lamarcks theory was that an organs growth depended solely on how much use or disuse they received. He believed that organs that were in regular use tended to row and become strong and efficient. Whereas organs that were infrequently used tended to flounder and possibly even fade away altogether. He gave the example that giraffes that grazed high trees often would have longer and stronger necks that would eventually be passed down to the next generation of giraffes. Finally, Lamarck asserted that that certain acquired characteristics were inherited by the following generations. He believed that some characteristics exhibited by organisms were not present in their recent ancestors. .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 , .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .postImageUrl , .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 , .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2:hover , .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2:visited , .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2:active { border:0!important; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2:active , .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2 .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uba901205a4602f63a1102a01bdf999d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Necklace: The Development Of Irony EssayThese traits were acquired due to changes in the nvironment and habitats surrounding the organism. Once acquired these traits were then passed to the following generations if they were kept in frequent use. (University of California Berkeley) Lamarckism had a profound effect on evolutionary thinking. Even though Lamarcks theory of evolution is now widely discredited, it provided a stepping stone for evolutionists that followed, like Charles Darwin. Lamarck showed the world for the first time the revolutionary ideas that nothing that surrounds us in the world in constant. Lamarckism taught that the world was ever- hanging and because of this the organisms living on the planet were bound to respond. Lamarck gave us the first thoughts about how people may have become who they are. It was evident that Lamarck was on to something in his theory showing that people were in a constant state of change. It could even be argued that Charles Darwins survival of the fittest theory was somewhat taken from Lamarck. (PBS) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck had some revolutionary theories, and along with them came strong critics to his work. Among those that discredited Lamarck was Georges Cuvier. Cuvier was a colleague of Lamarck at the Natural History Museum and even delivered his eulogy. This however did not stop him from attacking Lamarck and his theory. Cuvier argued that Lamarckism was based all on imagination and speculation and not on any scientific process. Charles Lyell was another strong opponent of Lamarck. He agreed with Cuvier. Lyell also said that he did not think Lamarck had significant fossil proof to support his theory. Later Charles Lyell was converted to an evolutionary position and found himself supporting certain aspects of Lamarckism. This support came too late and Lyells criticism had already proven too damaging to repair the assault Lamarckism had undergone. Charles Darwin gave the world his theory of evolution in 1859. His theory was different than Lamarck in that he argued that the desires of animals have nothing to do with how they evolve, and that changes in an organism during its life do not affect the evolution of the species. He said that organisms, even of the same species, are all different and that those which happen to have variations that help them to survive in their nvironments survive and have more offspring. The offspring are born with their parents helpful traits, and as they reproduce, individuals with that trait make up more of the population. Other individuals, that are not so well adapted, die off. Thus, creating the concept Darwin is most remembered for of survival of the fittest. The only thing Lamarck and Darwin agreed upon was that life was always changing and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck is only remembered for his discredited theory of Lamarckism. His theory should be praised however, for leading the cause of evolution. Lamarck led his life trying to advance the study of science and evolutionary theories. He may not have hit the nail on the head where evolution was concerned but he provided some revolutionary suggestions that made science take notice to the subject and later allowed Charles Darwin to blaze a new trail for evolutionists. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck died poor and disgraced. Unfortunately people do not realize the contributions he made. The next time you see a spider you know it is an arachnid and not an insect and that was because of Jean-Baptiste Lemarck.

The Internet a Blessing or a Curse Essay Example For Students

The Internet a Blessing or a Curse Essay What is Internet? It is a tool, which can link up all the people around the world, or we can say that it is a net that we cant see. Internet brings us a lot of convenience; people depend on it very much nowadays. But as we know, it also can act as a weapon. Is it a blessing or a curse? Whichever it may be the internet has proved it self very helpful tool in many ways, it has opened a gateway for people; it made it possible for us to communicate with people from the other side of the world. Allowing us to meet new people and discover new places even though we are not there. The internet is easily accessible to everyone because it is inexpensive and can be afforded by most. We will write a custom essay on The Internet a Blessing or a Curse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While some consider it as a blessing others regard it as a curse, because the internet like everything else in the world has a good and a bad side to it. The one of the main reasons that many people blame is that there is no sense of censorship in the world of the internet. Without censorship many things spin out of control. People start using the internet as a method of spying rather than a manner of communication they abuse this blessing by placing information or data that is unacceptable such as pornography, others may use it for fraud or theft. When these actions are committed they are considered a as a form of crime, and like all other crimes they are intolerable by society. A student no longer needs to spend long hours in libraries searching for a desired piece of information. A web search engine can provide the needed material just at a click of a button and no matter which remote corner of the world you are in, the Internet will keep you side by side of the latest developments in your area of interest. As with every new technology there are those who speak high of the Internet and there are those who portray it in an unfavorable source of knowledge. And as with other new technologies there is nothing wrong with the Internet itself. It is we who are to decide which way to travel on this information super path. We may decide to travel the right path and reach the ultimate destination of knowledge power and truth. Or we may choose the wrong direction and expose ourselves to all kinds of vices. The Internet to me is a great blessing. Name any aspect of human life education, business, entertainment, travel, sports etc and youll see the profound impact the Internet has on it. This is so important, so vital and so indispensable device that how can we afford to lag behind by ignoring it. How can we afford to be cut off from the outside world? I dont know how our society can develop without having access to this vital source of development. Only a fool can do  so and I dont think that we are fools; at least, I am not.

Work is Life essays

Work is Life essays Work is Life, by Ilene Philipson, Ph.D., is an article that takes a look at people who identify their entire self and self worth with their work. Corporate America is an ever growing, high demand work place that promotes competiveness while providing a sense of purpose. The people in which Dr. Philipson is discussing have only one purpose in life, their job. When these people lose their jobs, it is an absolute tragedy. This is not because of financial reasons; they feel that their whole life is over because they have so closely identified themselves with work. In some cases, supervisors become parental figures to dote on and please, co-workers become ones community, and the corporation feeds our unmet longings (Philipson). Now more than ever big business surrounds their employees with corporate logos and promotes a family like environment. For people who do not get these emotional needs elsewhere (like their family) turn to their place of employment for these needs. The first two people analyzed in this article is a middle aged black woman who suffered through poverty yet managed to obtain a college degree and a decent job. She worked as a bookkeeper at biotechnology firm. She was very satisfied with her job and her current socioeconomic status. The company decided one day to change the computer system in which they kept the records on. This woman, referred to as Patti could not seem to grasp the concept of the new system. This of course led to her supervisor getting angry with her and eventually led to him lashing out at her verbally. Later that night she had to go to the hospital because of a mental breakdown. This led to her taking leave from work for disabilities and is how she arrived at Dr. Philipsons office. Patti felt that she had lost everything even with the support of her family. She felt she had no reason to get up in the morning&ap...

Best Summary and Analysis The Great Gatsby, Chapter 9

Best Summary and Analysis The Great Gatsby, Chapter 9 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Just as The Great Gatsbybegan with Nick’s father reminding him about his upbringing, so it ends with Gatsby’s father reminding us about the childhood of James Gatz (Gatsby's real birth name). As one of the few mourners at Gatsby’s very sparsely attended funeral, Mr. Gatz worships his son’s achievements in the way that no one whom Gatsby wanted to impress ever did. The Great GatsbyChapter 9ends with one of the most famous last lines in all Western literature. Read on to see how Fitzgerald connects Gatsby’s story with theuniversal human hope for a better future. Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. The Great Gatsby: Chapter 9 Summary The police investigation reduces what happened to the simplest possible terms: that Wilson was deranged by grief and killed Gatsby at random. Myrtle’s sister doesn’t tell the police about Myrtle having an affair. Rumors again swirl around Gatsby, and uninvited people again come to his mansion to gawk at where the murder-suicide happened (just like when they came to gawk at his parties).Nick is the only person who is still interested in Gatsby as a human being, and becomes a kind of representative for him - both about the rumors, and also about the logistics of dealing with his body and effects. Daisy and Tom have already left with no forwarding address by the time Nick tries to call them about Gatsby’s death. Nick tries to find Wolfshiem, but can’t get in touch with him. Wolfshiem sends a perfunctory-sounding letter, but at least agrees to come to Gatsby’s funeral. Nick answers the phone at Gatsby’s house, expecting it to be Daisy, but instead it is someone associated with Gatsby’s criminal enterprise. We get a quick idea that Gatsby was indeed doing something bigger than bootlegging - something to do with stolen or counterfeit bonds. The man hangs up without another word when Nick tells him that Gatsby is dead. Three days later, Nick gets a telegram from Henry C. Gatz - Gatsby’s father. He read about Gatsby’s death in a Chicago newspaper and is coming to the funeral from Minnesota. When Mr. Gatz shows up, it’s clear that he is still pretty poor. He is in awe of what his son has been able to accomplish, and clearly loves him very much. Gatz is clearly all in on the idea of the American Dream, comparing Gatsby to a famous rags-to-riches railroad magnate. When Gatz asks Nick to identify himself, Nick calls himself Gatsby’s close friend. That night, Ewing Klipspringer, the guy who crashed at Gatsby’s for most of the summer, calls. Nick assumes that he’ll be coming to the funeral, but Klipspringer is only calling to get back a pair of shoes he left behind. The day of the funeral, Nick goes to see Meyer Wolfshiem in person. Wolfshiem’s secretary lies and says that Wolfshiem is Chicago, but when Nick mentions Gatsby’s name, he’s shown into Wolfshiem’s office. Wolfshiem fills in some more details about Gatsby’s past. After Gatsby got out of the army, he met Wolfshiem at a pool hall and asked for a job. Wolfshiem saw the potential in Gatsby’s good looks and his â€Å"Oxford man† aspirations. Gatsby used these qualities to make connections in places where Wolfshiem himself couldn’t get in. Wolfshiem explains that he can’t come to Gatsby’s funeral - he doesn’t want to be anywhere near a crime scene. Back at the mansion, Mr. Gatz shows Nick a picture of the Gatsby’s mansion that Gatsby had sent back home. He also shows him a western that Gatsby had loved to read. The back page has a schedule Gatsby had written for himself to follow, and a list of self-improvement initiatives he had undertaken. No one seems to be coming to the funeral, and it starts to rain, so Nick, Mr. Gatz, and the minister drive to the cemetery.The man with the owl-eyed glasses (the one who had been marveling at Gatsby’s library of unread books in Chapter 3) suddenly shows up to mourn with them. Nick doesn’t know either his name or how he knew to be there. Nick flashes back to a childhood memory of coming home from boarding school. He compares the Midwest that he (and Gatsby, Tom, and Daisy) come from to the East coast where they each made so many mistakes. Nick decides that he is fundamentally a Midwesterner and needs to go back. Nick goes to hash things out with Jordan. When she tells him that she’s engaged (which seems unlikely, since it’s only been one week since they broke up), he suddenly wants to get back together, but thinks better of it. She does tell Nick that she felt very hurt when he broke up with her, but she seems completely over it. Jordan calls Nick out on his self-satisfaction with being scrupulously honest - was he dishonest with her about his feelings? Several months later, Nick sees Tom in Manhattan and refuses to shake hands with him. Nick asks Tom what Tom told Wilson in the garage the night Myrtle was killed. Tom fesses up that he told Wilson whose car ran over Myrtle (which answers the mystery of how Wilson was able to find Gatsby). Tom argues that telling Wilson the truth would have put Tom in danger, since Wilson had a gun. Nick is horrified - after all, it wasn’t Gatsby who ran over Myrtle. It was Daisy. But he realizes that Tom is a spoiled child and tries to let his anger go. Gatsby’s mansion goes to seed. Before he leaves New York for good, Nick scrapes an obscene word off itsstairs, and then goes to the dock to think about the green light on Daisy’s dock and Gatsby’s hopes and dreams. Nick thinks about what this island looked like to Dutch sailors who crossed the Atlantic, and thinks about how we live in the perpetual hope of a better future with a total disregard for the past. Despite his lavish parties, despite all the outlandish rumors about him, Gatsby never really earned the respect of anyone except Nick. Key Chapter 9 Quotes I found myself on Gatsby's side, and alone. From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me. At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn't move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, because no one else was interestedinterested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end. (9.3) Just like during his life, after his death, rumors swirl around Gatsby. Usually, death makes people treat even the most ambiguous figures with therespect that’s supposedly owed to the dead. But Gatsby’sdeathonly invites more speculation, gawking, and a circus-like atmosphere. Note that even here, Nick still does not acknowledge his feelings of friendship and admiration for Gatsby. Instead, he claims to be the point person for Gatsby is funeral because of a general sense that â€Å"everyone† deserves someone to take a personal interest. But of course, there is no such right, as evidenced by the fact that Nick is the only person who cares about Gatsby as a human being rather than a sideshow. After a little while Mr. Gatz opened the door and came out, his mouth ajar, his face flushed slightly, his eyes leaking isolated and unpunctual tears. He had reached an age where death no longer has the quality of ghastly surprise, and when he looked around him now for the first time and saw the height and splendor of the hall and the great rooms opening out from it into other rooms his grief began to be mixed with an awed pride. (9.43) Gatsby’s father is the only person who has the kind of response to this mansion that Gatsby could have hoped for. Everyone else has found it either gaudy, vulgar, or fake. Perhaps this shows that for all his attempts to cultivate himself, Gatsby could never escape the tastes and ambitions of a Midwestern farm boy. After that I felt a certain shame for Gatsbyone gentleman to whom I telephoned implied that he had got what he deserved. However, that was my fault, for he was one of those who used to sneer most bitterly at Gatsby on the courage of Gatsby's liquor and I should have known better than to call him. (9.69) Gatsby was unable to parlay his hospitality into any genuine connection with anyone besides Nick, who seems to have liked him despite the parties rather than because of them. This highlights a clash of values between the new, anything-goes East and the older, more traditionally correct West. The East is a place where someone could come to a party and then insult the host - and then imply that a murdered man had it coming! Compare this to the moment when Gatsby feels uneasy making a scene when having lunch with Tom and Daisy because "I can't say anything in his house, old sport." (7.102). "When a man gets killed I never like to get mixed up in it in any way. I keep out. When I was a young man it was differentif a friend of mine died, no matter how, I stuck with them to the end. You may think that's sentimental but I mean itto the bitter end†¦.Let us learn to show our friendship for a man when he is alive and not after he is dead," he suggested. "After that my own rule is to let everything alone." (9.95-99) Wolfshiem’s refusal to come to Gatsby’s funeral is extremely self-serving. He is using this quasi-philosophical excuse in order to protect himself from being anywhere near a crime scene. However, in a novel which is at least partly concerned with how morality can be generated in a place devoid of religion, Wolfshiem’s explanation of his behavior confirms that the culmination of this kind of thinking is treating people as disposable. It also plays into the novel’s overriding idea that the American Dream is based on a willful desire to forget and ignore the past, instead straining for a potentially more exciting or more lucrative future. Part of forgetting the past is forgetting the people that are no longer here, so for Wolfshiem, even a close relationship like the one he had with Gatsby has to immediately be pushed to the side once Gatsby is no longer alive. I tried to think about Gatsby then for a moment but he was already too far away and I could only remember, without resentment, that Daisy hadn't sent a message or a flower. Dimly I heard someone murmur "Blessed are the dead that the rain falls on," and then the owl-eyed man said "Amen to that," in a brave voice. (9.6) The theme of forgetting continues here. For Nick, Gatsby the man is already â€Å"too far away† to remember distinctly. Perhaps it is this kind of forgetting that allows Nick to think about Daisy without anger. On the one hand, in order to continue through life, you need to be able to separate yourself from the tragedies that have befallen. But on the other hand, this easy letting go of painful memories in the past leads to the kind of abandonment that follows Gatsby’s death. When we pulled out into the winter night and the real snow, our snow, began to stretch out beside us and twinkle against the windows, and the dim lights of small Wisconsin stations moved by, a sharp wild brace came suddenly into the air. We drew in deep breaths of it as we walked back from dinner through the cold vestibules, unutterably aware of our identity with this country for one strange hour before we melted indistinguishably into it again. That's my middle westnot the wheat or the prairies or the lost Swede towns but the thrilling, returning trains of my youth and the street lamps and sleigh bells in the frosty dark and the shadows of holly wreaths thrown by lighted windows on the snow. I am part of that, a little solemn with the feel of those long winters, a little complacent from growing up in the Carraway house in a city where dwellings are still called through decades by a family's name. I see now that this has been a story of the West, after allTom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life. (9.124-125) All along, the novel has juxtaposed the values and attitudes of the rich to those of the lower classes. However here, in this chapter, as Nick is starting to pull away from New York, the contrast shifts to comparing the values of the Midwest to those of the East. Here, the dim lights, the realness, and the snow are natural foils for the bright lights and extremely hot weather associated in the novel with Long Island and the party scene. They were careless people, Tom and Daisythey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. . . . (9.146) Nick’s summary judgment of Tom and Daisy seems harsh but fair. They are people who do not have to answer for their actions and are free to ignore the consequences of what they do. This is one of the ways in which their marriage, dysfunctional as it is, works well. They both understand that they just don’t need to worry about anything that happens in the same way that everyone else does. It is interesting to consider how this cycle will perpetuate itself with Pammy, their daughter. On the last night, with my trunk packed and my car sold to the grocer, I went over and looked at that huge incoherent failure of a house once more. On the white steps an obscene word, scrawled by some boy with a piece of brick, stood out clearly in the moonlight and I erased it, drawing my shoe raspingly along the stone. Then I wandered down to the beach and sprawled out on the sand. (9.150) It’s fitting that Nick feels responsible for erasing the bad word. His whole project in this book has been to protect Gatsby's reputation and to establish his legacy. Otherwise, without someone to notice and remark on Gatsby’s achievement, nothing would remain to indicate that this man had managed to elevate himself from a Midwesternfarm to glittering luxury. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no mattertomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (9.153-154) Check out our very in-depth analysis of this extremely famous last sentence, last paragraphs, and last section of the book. Think about the amount of effort involved in this process of constantly sailing against the current. Maybe this is the fundamental mismatch between Gatsby and Daisy. She is a creature of passivity, and he is a swan - gliding gracefully above the water, while paddling furiously just below it to stay afloat. The Great Gatsby Chapter 9 Analysis Let's now consider how the novel's key themes are addressed in this chapter. Themes and Symbols The American Dream. Gatsby’s dreams might be over, and Nick might be so disillusioned that he goes back home, but the American Dream persists unabated. On the one hand, the boys who cluster around Gatsby’s mansion are a new generation who are starting to buy into the cult of celebrity and the greedy ambition that propels many of the novel’s characters. On the other hand, Jordan’s ability to wave off the past without a second thought seems to be spreading - Wolfshiem and even Nick himself talk about quickly forgetting Gatsby. Mutability of Identity. Conversely, the inability to escape the past also plays a part in this chapter, as we learn that for Nick, this has been a story of Midwesterners trying to go east and failing. Most importantly, the last line of the novelsays that despite the fact that we struggle to move upstream, the current of our past is always working against our forward progress. Plot-wise, too, the last chapter is full of callbacks to the past. We meet up with characters who we thought were gone for good (Tom and Jordan), we get yet one more digressive explanation of Gatsby’s youth from Wolfshiem, and of course Gatsby’s actual past shows up in the figure of his father, Henry Gatz. Mr. Gatz is floored by what his son has made of himself. Very importantly, he is the only person who has the reaction that Gatsby would have wanted to his mansion, and he is the one who comes with a relic of Gatsby’s youthful dreams (the schedule and list of self-improvement resolutions). Symbols: The Eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. The return of the man with owl eye glasses links this chapter to the novel’s obsession with eyes and seeing. Like Tom, Owl-Eyes immediately saw through Gatsby at the party - but crucially, Owl-Eyes perceived Gatsby’s false front as an example of a genius bit of theater rather than a lie. Like the giant billboard of disembodied eyes that haunts the ashheaps, Owl-Eyes seems to be able to see more than the average - but, importantly, he is actually able to render a judgment since he is sentient. At Gatsby’s funeral, this clear vision is clouded, as Owl-Eyes is constantly wiping fog off his glasses. And the fact that the man comes to mourn Gatsby seems to indicate that his judgment is a merciful, excusing one. Do the glasses make him wise like an owl? Predatory? All-seeing? Or does the fact that they are glasses mean that he doesn’t actually have any wisdom or clear sight? Crucial Character Beats Nick tries to find anyone at all to come to Gatsby’s funeral, but fails. Not even Wolfshiem will come. Daisy and Tom have left town for good, with no forwarding address. Henry Gatz, Gatsby’s father, hears about Gatsby’s death and come to the funeral from Minnesota. He is in awe of his son’s accomplishments. No one except the owl-eyed glasses man that Nick had met at one of Gatsby’s parties comes to the funeral. Nick reconnects briefly with Jordan, who tell him that she is engaged. Nick runs into Tom, who admits telling Wilson that it was Gatsby’s car that hit Myrtle. Nick decides to go back to the Midwest. What’s Next? Solvethe final pieces of the puzzle of Gatsby’s pastwiththe novel’s timeline. Consider the way this last chapter discusses the existence of the American Dream. Is the kind of hope and optimism that this ideal promotes worthwhile, or does it result in self-delusions and disappointment? Imagine the rest of Nick’s life by analyzing his character, motivations, and attitudes. Has this whole novel in reality been a coming-of-age story about him? Revisit the summary of Chapter 8or wrap back around to see how the novel began. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Performance Feedback, Performance Incentives and Rewards, and Employee Essay

Performance Feedback, Performance Incentives and Rewards, and Employee Evaluation - Essay Example The researcher states that in the current day context, human resources management practices which deal with the management of the workforce in a company have experienced the dramatic shift. Performance feedback is essential for the evaluating and analyzing the performance of the employees in an organization. Every organization follows certain performance feedback processes to evaluate as well as encourage their employees among which the 360-degree feedback system has gained considerable importance. In performance feedback, the implication of Multi-Source Feedback programme, also known as 360 Degree is very popularly used nowadays. Garber stated that the 360-degree feedback system has gained popularity in these recent years. The main motive of the 60-degree feedback system is to enhance the efficiency of the human resources by providing them with feedback on their performances. However, the feedback provided to the employees through this system eradicate the chances to de-motivate or negatively motivate them hampering their contribution to the productivity of the organization. Rather, it emphasizes on encouraging them for better performance by identifying their weaknesses along with their strengths. Here, the main focus is on feedback not on evaluation. It also helps in developing the professional capabilities of employees further enabling them to communicate with the organization’s culture and values. 360-degree feedback assessment must be considered to be more valuable than a data collection programme as the system considers the utilization of the feedbacks obtained to enhance the performances of the employees. Heisler further suggested that 360-degree feedback assessment programme should be designed to measure the behaviors and characteristics of the employees with relation to the organizational strategies. The author also stated that the 360-degree feedback process must be supported by the employees as well as with the tools implemented by the organiz ation for the analysis and interpretation of data collected through this system. Finally, he concluded by saying that the process should be supported by developmental planning for the participants.